Logic Pro X 系列教程 4:MIDI 效果器

Logic Pro X 内置了许多实用的 MIDI 效果器插件,例如琶音器 Arpeggiator、力度处理器 Velocity Processor 等。本文 Mark Cousins 将带你掌握这类 MIDI 效果器插件。

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相信有不少读者已经接触甚至大量应用 Arpeggiator(下为琶音器)了,Logic Pro X 的其他 MIDI 效果器插件同样值得挖掘。MIDI 插件可以说是现场演出、编曲制作和创意音乐三个方向当中的居间者。它对音乐创作的激励作用不可小觑,配上同样是新发布的插件 Drum Kit Designer 和 Retro Synth 曾更能显示出其威力。

本文将重点讨论三种 MIDI 效果器的应用实例。第一种是关于 MIDI 效果器的一个重要概念:实时演奏调整。

大家或许对钢琴卷帘并不陌生,会经常用它来编辑 MIDI 数据。但还有一种方法,就是利用 MIDI 效果器来实时调整 MIDI 数据,例如比较常见的力度处理器(Velocity Processor)。在接下来的讲解中,你会了解到 MIDI 将不单单是一种序列化的音符数据了。

从创作的角度来看,MIDI 效果器插件对于舞曲制作人来说就像是梦幻中的工具。他们可以使用琶音器(Arpeggiator)、和弦触发器(Chord Trigger)以及音符重复器(Note Repeater)来制作音乐片段,从而改变一切由零开始,一个音符一个音符地录制或编辑的制作方式。你可以只弹奏一个音符,并立刻得到一串复杂的和弦分解,或者和弦内的随机音符序列。你会发现,如何处理弹奏的内容甚至比原始内容还要重要!

尽管这篇教程针对 MIDI 效果器进行了较为全面的介绍,但这仍然只是冰山一角,对于脚本编辑器(Scripter)插件来说更是如此。Logic Pro X 的 MIDI 效果器是它最吸引人的新特性之一,几乎所有风格的音乐都可以从中获得一些益处。

使用 MIDI 效果器插件

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1、我们先用第一个例子来介绍单个 MIDI 效果器插件对音乐演奏产生的效果。基本素材是一段鼓组节拍,音源采用 Drum Kit Designer。首先在通道条上边的 MIDI FX 插槽里激活一个力度处理器(Velocity Processor)。MIDI 效果器插件的插槽颜色是绿色的。

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2、所有 MIDI 效果器都能实时改变 MIDI 数据流,就像音频插件实时处理音频信号一样。我们选用的力度处理器(Velocity Processor)就是专门处理力度的工具,可以理解为对 MIDI 数据流进行的「压缩」处理。你会发现鼓组的力度动态马上发生了改变。

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3、现在我们来了解一下各个参数的意义。增加 Ratio(比率)可以提升处理强度,也就是超过 Threshold(阈值)的音符力度要衰减多少。增大这个参数时,你会发现鼓组演奏马上变得安静了些,而且力度动态范围也减小了。

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4、现在试试调节 Threshold(阈值),听一下前后的区别。阈值越低,演奏声就越小,力度也趋向扁平化。提高阈值则能够使声音变大,也就是让处理器只处理力度较大的音符。最后,提升一下 Make Up(增益),整体提升所有音符的力度,这样可以使力度过小的音符恢复音量。

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5、这个例子是用力度处理器实现扩展器(Expander)的做法。首先把 Ratio(比率)调整为 0.125,Make Up(增益)调整为 -110,然后慢慢尝试不同的 Threshold(阈值)。调节过程中你会发现,部分演奏内容好像完全消失了,使得节拍更加简洁。

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6、Comp/Exp(压缩/扩展)模式一般来说效果都很不错,而另外两个模式也很值得一试。Add/Scale 更为简单,直接增减一定比例的力度值。比如将 Scale(比例)设为 69% 使得演奏更加突出,较重的和较轻的力度都会得到一定的增强。

多个 MIDI 效果器叠加使用

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1、如同音频插件一样,我们可以叠加多个 MIDI 效果器来使用,得到复合的处理效果。每一个插件都会在前一个插件处理的基础之上增加一些自己的处理。叠加使用 MIDI 效果器后,你才会看到 MIDI 效果器系统的真实潜力。在这个例子中,我们先新建一个轨道,加载 Retro Synth 乐器,然后激活一个和弦触发器(Chord Trigger)。

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2、和弦触发器插件和 Logic Pro 9 Environment 中的 Chord Memorizer 对象类似。按下 Learn(学习)按钮,就可以定义一个和弦并映射到某个音符上。你可以在下边的橙色键盘上点按所需音符,或者直接在键盘上弹出和弦。现在,弹奏不同的音将触发相应的和弦。

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3、在和弦触发器之后,插入一个音符重复器(Note Repeater)。你可以把它理解为一个 MIDI 序列的延迟效果器,弹奏一个音符将按节拍发出相同的若干次声音。在这个例子里,我们将 Repeat(重复次数)设为 3 次,Delay(延迟时间)设为 1/8d。现在,只需弹奏一个音符,你就可以听到三个构造完美的和弦了。

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4、音符重复器有两个十分有趣的参数,Transpose(移调)和 Velocity Ramp(力度坡度)。移调将对每个延迟声音进行一定的整体移调,例如设置为 +12 就会把每次延迟都提升一个八度。力度坡度功能会让延迟声音逐渐变大或变小,例如设置为 85%,回馈声会越来越小。

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5、接下来,你可以再添加一个 Modulator(调制器)到插件序列中。调制器比较特别,它并非简单的对已有数据进行处理,而是会添加 MIDI CC 信息,比如 LFO(低频振荡器)和 ENV(包络)会以音符为触发条件进行处理。在这个例子中,默认设置会制造一个和曲速同步的 LFO 效果。

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6、当然,和所有 MIDI 效果器一样,你需要熟知你使用的虚拟乐器音源是否能够响应 MIDI 效果器做出的处理,比如力度数据或 MIDI CC 命令等。Retro Synth 中的力度响应是预先绑定在它的内部放大器和过滤器上的,然而你也可以添加其他调制方法,例如在 Settings(设置)面板选择调制轮等。

琶音器(Arpeggiator)和随机发生器(Randomizer)

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1、这是本篇教程的最后一个例子,本例中的组合将会把 MIDI 效果器概念进行最大限度的发挥,也就是几乎完全让 MIDI 效果器来生成音乐。我们同样以 Retro Synth 作为音源,移除已有的 MIDI 效果器,然后添加一个 Arpeggiator(琶音器)到插槽中,并使用默认的 1/16 Rate 预设。

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2、下面是本例中的关键:Randomizer(随机发生器)插件。我们将在 MIDI 信号处理序列中使用两次随机插件。将随机发生器添加到琶音器后面,使用默认设置即可。它会将琶音器传出的平直力度数据随机打乱,范围是 0-127 也就是全部力度值。

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3、接下来再添加一个随机发生器插件,这一次把 Event Type(事件类型)改成 Note Number(音符数量)。你会发现每一步都会产生巨大的音调偏移。下面把 Random(随机)参数设为 30 左右(基本上是 3 个八度),并把 Weight(侧重)稍稍偏向高音区。听听现在的随机效果吧!

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4、随机音符纵然很有趣,但并不十分具有音乐性!要解决这个问题,可以在两个随机发生器后面添加一个 Transposer(移调器)。移调器不仅会处理 MIDI 数据,还有一个十分有用的特性:音阶纠正。尝试一下「Can’t Go Wrong」预设,或者你自己喜爱的音阶种类。

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5、现在,你可以回到琶音器插件中,尝试使用一些其他的 Input Type(输入类型)。选择 Grid 模式,创建一个类似随机的旋律,你听到的将不再是单纯的 16 分音符重复了。你还可以使用 Chord(和弦)模式,按住多个音符产生一个序列。

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6、使用 MIDI 效果器最终是为了处理出适合于当前乐曲的效果。在第二个例子中,需要确保 Retro Synth 能够响应你发出的控制信息,比如通过力度来触发滤波器的变化,或在音序中创造空间感等内容。

本文由 Soundmono 编译自 Music Tech

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