10 条混响技巧让你的混音更进一步

图为 Accutronics 生产的 Spring Reverb。图片作者 Harri Haataja
混响的基本作用是制造距离感和空间感,在现代商业音乐中它也为乐曲增添不少魅力。然而不恰当的混响决策将会降低作品的水准。同时,由于混响效果对原始素材带来的改变极大,导致我们会在使用时格外谨慎,却也因此得不到真正「气派」的效果。过量地使用则可能会使你精心调整出来的混音变得一塌糊涂。
长话短说,下边是 10 条混音基本经验和技巧,希望能够帮助你越过混音中的陷阱,使混音工作更加得心应手。
1、长混响、短混响
总体而言,在元素较拥挤的混音中建议使用短混响,舒缓的音乐中使用较长的混响。在使用混响效果器插件时不要按照预设值的字面意思去理解:比如把「大厅和房屋」视为长混响,「小房间」视为短混响,而是按照听觉效果来选择。如果你需要较短的混响,那么「大厅」效果中尾音时间较短的预设值也能满足你。选择的标准是尾音的特性,较长的尾音会掩盖声音的使其失去一定的临场感,较短的尾音则可以让声音更吸引听者的注意力。
2、早期反射
早期反射(Pre-delay)是多数混响效果器中的重要参数之一,早期反射可以让干声在混响出现之前先到达听者的耳朵,这意味着听者更易理解声音的内容。在混音人声时,早期反射能够清晰地保留字音的起音部分。从这个角度看来,它和压缩器有异曲同工之妙,对压缩设置一个较慢的起音值(attack),或对混响设置较多的早期反射,人声传达出的信息将更易理解。早期反射的时间在 20 毫秒至 80 毫秒之间较为常见,更长的设置将制造一种「交替出声」的感觉,偶尔会有需要这种效果的场合,但多数情况下并不合适。
3、3D 混响
要获得更加广阔、丰富的空间感,你可以尝试重叠使用多个混响效果。比如说,叠加使用 3 个混响效果器,得到的空间感将十分真实。首先你可以选择一个小房间的混响效果预设,干声周围将出现一些小空间。接下来用上一个金属板混响(plate),干声所在的空间将进一步降低清晰度。最后添加一个尾音十分长的大厅混响,提升空间的上限,要注意别太过量。怎么知道有没有过量呢,请记住下面的话:
成功的混响应该能提升你所追求的情绪;混响不仅增加空间,也会帮助你突出音乐的主题情绪。
4、用多少?
混响的量完全取决于你的口味。如果在你的编曲中,混响是一个主要特色,那么就放手去大量使用。反之,只需要将声部、元素等粘合在一起即可,只要听上去有真实空间感就行。记住,只要有了混响,听起来就会大不一样。在做混响前,先独奏要处理的音轨。然后提升混响量,只要你听见混响效果即可。然后往下衰减一点点,直到你感觉似乎还想再加上一些的时候,停!这里大概就是正确的位置。
5、高通滤波
或许你已经了解高通、低通滤波器的作用,并且已经知道怎么用它们保留低频的隆隆声或其他吸引人的频率。这个用法同样适用于混响,例如用高通滤波器去处理混响声,可以保持空间的开阔感。与之相反,如果把混响声的低频全部保留,随着挂载混响的轨道数增多,声音的清晰度将大大降低。
6、用混响提升亮度
当你尝试调整人声 EQ 却发现怎么也无法提升明亮感时,不妨试一试混响。在找到最具特色的 EQ 范围后,用混响来加强这个频段即可。当然,这个方法不仅限于处理人声。比如说,人声往往在 3K 的位置最具有表现力,所以我们先添加一个混响效果,在它后面挂载一个 EQ 效果器,衰减 3K 左右范围两边的频段,就能增加一些空气感和通透感。
7、混响与冲击力
在处理军鼓时,往混响后面添加一个门限(Gate),效果会非常棒。将混响的早期反射设为 0.5 秒左右(即 500ms),并添加门限,得到突然切断的效果。这样做虽然会有不自然的因素,但可以制造出类似打碎玻璃的感觉。应用的比例合适,且粘合得自然,将增加军鼓的气势,而无需叠加「躯干(body)」声。在 Phil Collins 和 David Bowie 的作品中曾大量使用这种手法,使得它们的音乐别具一格。虽然历史久远,但现在依然有许多前沿制作人在使用它。
8、为混响编组
为了测试你的混响效果,尤其在混响效果器数量较多的情况下,可以将它们编组,以便快速独奏、或将它们静音。这也就是进行 A/B 测试。你可以根据听到的效果迅速掌握当前的混响量,并决定是否还要继续增加。若把所有混响指定用一个推子来控制,你就能精确掌握总体混响的量,甚至按照第 5、6 条在混响上使用 EQ 处理。
我们通常把混响视为立体声效果,然而单声道混响同样效果卓越。
9、Spring 混响和其他「脏声」
某些乐器天生比较适合混响,有些则不是。我们通常喜欢把电吉他表现得十分突出,但常规的混响会柔化它们的冲击感。Spring(弹簧)混响等低保真处理在这里就很合适。它们的粗糙感恰恰为声音增添了躯体和表现力。另外,现在也十分流行用低保真混响来处理人声,以获得一些复古的感觉。
10、单声道混响
我们通常把混响视为立体声效果,然而单声道混响同样效果卓越。如果你想突出某个乐器,让它站到「聚光灯」下,单声道混响是一个很棒的选择,你无需为此而改变整个混音编排。比如,要让听众注意到靠右边的键盘独奏,你可以添加一个单声道混响处理器,并将其声相调整到和键盘相衬的位置即可,这样能够获得不少的动态。
混响效果历经超过半个世纪的来来去去,现在我们似乎又处在重新发现混响的时代。今天的混响已经非常具有音乐性,十分精致,我们需要它,但也不能泛滥使用。混响效果在现代人声轨和音效当中大量出现,而鼓组却强调自然、突出且肌理丰富。请牢记:成功的混响应该能提升你所追求的情绪;混响不仅增加空间,也会帮助你突出音乐的主题情绪。
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