画好力度路线图来方便你的编曲

图片作者 hobvias sudoneighm

力度是音乐制作当中的一件大事,制作人必须时刻保持对力度的把握。如果按下录音键之前能够设计好一幅力度路线图,则能省去许多后顾之忧。

一旦录制完成,不饱满的力度表达将永远成为不理想的部分,再也无法找回。一件乐器的演奏力度往往是潜藏在下意识的情感表现中的,你会注意到演奏者的演奏力度对音色的改变有多么大。而这些改变想要在后期通过自动化做出来,所能表达的东西会是完全不同的。

那么,什么时候来考虑歌曲的力度走向呢?当然是在制作的前期!前期可以进行的准备工作其实有很多。往往在这个阶段,歌曲的某些重要元素就已经确定下来了,比如这些在后期难以改变的属性:调性、速度、段落编排、力度变化等等。

一首好歌往往包含有两种以上力度路线设计。

我们先来打个比方,想象你正在游乐场,要去坐过山车。就算是最柔缓的过山车也会有一个以上的下降区,而比较常见的结构是一个陡峭的大坡,以及一系列小一些的斜坡。这个比方是为了说明,一首歌中所含的对比就好似过山车的设计,你需要做出这样的对比。反过来说,若你乘坐一辆始终走平路的过山车,是否会感到无聊?

当然,有人会举出反例,说所需的作品效果就是平直化的感觉。这只能说是个案,针对适当的歌曲使用才会得到良好的效果。然而说到底,平直化不也是力度路线图设计的一种吗?

说到底,怎样画力度路线图呢?简单而言,这是我用来表述一首歌当中,不同段落起伏的方式。乐手可以在阅读其他图纸、乐谱时,同时参照这幅独特的图谱。

你也许会问,为什么不直接用传统的力度记号呢?因为他们有时过于死板。

画出的图形可比一个「fff」记号要直白得多。乐手往往会因为专注读谱,使得力度记号反而成为了一种干扰。若使用力度路线图,乐手不仅能直观看出力度走向,更重要的是,可以立刻转换为内在的感知。

大巴车概念

当所有人都搭乘在同一辆大巴车上,就能迅速而齐整地全体移动。

通常,当乐手来棚里时,我不会给他们十分精细的图示。我只会讲述需要他们演奏的大致意图。我的主要合作乐手都是我尊敬和崇拜的创意人才,因此我更加愿意为他们自己的「创造」预留一定的空间。

利用图示和力度路线图,也就意味着他们能够在体会乐曲时更加节省时间。他们可以直接跳上车,并立刻随着其他人一齐行动,做出正确的力度选择。

技术泡沫

在录音行业里,先进的技术带来了众多新鲜事物。可它也使一些工作看起来不再必要,例如前期编辑和力度规划。

现今我们习惯于一手包揽式的工作,许多艺人都会独揽专辑里的几乎全部乐器演奏。这样做至少有一个坏处。有时这种拼凑式的制作,自觉不自觉地就会忽视力度的表现。要避免这一点,按下录音键之前,可以画一张力度路线图。

哪怕工作室只由你一人负责,也应该做好前期准备工作。这样,从录制第一件乐器起,才能在心中对力度变化有一个清晰感受。举例来说,如果录制原声吉他轨时完全没有考虑力度起伏的编排,那么在录制后续乐器时,你将会感到越来越严重的束缚。重申一遍,力度变化能够传达丰富的情感。

画力度路线图

说了这么多,下边就举例来谈谈如何画力度路线图。你可以注意到,图示中留下了一些阐释空间。

画图的主要目的是让乐手能够齐整地行进,同时给予他们足够的自由,让他们能够自己平衡和决定如何阐释各个阶段的力度。看到图示的时候,他们就等于看到了歌曲的行进方式,知晓下一步的动向,并做出不同的有创造力的选择,而不是盲目遵循教条。优秀的乐手往往拥有,也需要一个开阔的视野。

例 1

你可以看到,直到桥段之前,歌曲是平稳上升的。桥段的力度骤减,并准备推向最后一个副歌。

F6C1829E-CEB1-44B6-BE17-6830D1029DA8.jpg

例 2

你可以看出,歌曲的前半部分在力度上交替往复,直到桥段开始上升,并在结尾达到至高点。

93B7EF8C-94AA-4A9E-B4E3-7C6404BEB371.jpg

你还会看到我使用了不同颜色来标注不同的段落。以上只是两种最基本的力度结构,而你可以进行无穷无尽的编排和选择。

看到这幅力度路线图时,你可能就会在脑海里直观「看」到将要行进的方向了。图形表述往往能够点燃创造力。最后,对于混音阶段而言,这样的图示也是很有帮助的,因为乐队在演奏时实际上已经自己进行过一些「混音」的工序了。

本文由 Soundmono 编译自 The Pro Audio Files

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